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1.
Nutr. hosp ; 25(5): 838-844, sept.-oct. 2010. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-97309

RESUMO

Introducción: El crecimiento es un fenómeno complejo que en pediatría tiene especial relevancia por constituir un indicador fundamental del estado nutricional. Objetivo: Evaluar las diferencias en la interpretación del peso en una muestra de niños de nuestro medio, desde el nacimiento hasta los 18 meses, según los estándares nacionales e internacionales existentes. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal del peso y longitud en una cohorte de 383 niños de 0 a 18 meses representativa de la población aragonesa. Tras un análisis descriptivo se calculó la ‘puntuación típica’ a partir de cinco tablas de crecimiento poblacional. Finalmente se calculó el porcentaje de niños que quedaban por encima o debajo de 2DE para el peso según el estándar utilizado. Resultados: Del total, 50,1% eran varones y 49,9% mujeres. El peso y longitud de los niños fueron mayores que en las niñas en todas las edades (p<0,01). La mayor diferencia entre las puntuaciones típicas medias para el peso según el referente utilizado se encontró a partir de los 6 meses. El porcentaje de niños con un peso 2 DE osciló entre un0,5 y un 3,3 % a los 18 meses en dependencia del estándar. Conclusión: Existen diferencias globales al evaluar el peso de una misma muestra de niños menores de 18 meses según los diferentes estándares poblacionales, así como en el número de niños que quedan fuera de los límites de la normalidad con cada uno de ellos (AU)


Introduction: Growth is a complex phenomenon that has in pediatric age special relevancy because it constitutes a fundamental indicator of nutritional status. Objective: To evaluate differences about weight analysis of infants aged 0-18 months depending on the population reference used. Methods: This is a longitudinal weight and length study in a representative sample of 383 infants from Aragon since birth until 18 months of age. A descriptive analysis was realized and ‘’z-scores’’ were calculated from five growth curves. Finally there was calculated the percentage of children who were staying above or under 2DS for weight depending on the standard used. Results: 50,1 % were males and 49,9 % women. Weight and length of the children were higher in girls than in boys in all the ages (p <0,01). Major differences between weight z-score averages from standards were at 6 months and later. The percentage of children on a weight 2 DS ranged between 0,5 and one 3,3 % at18 months of age depending on the standard. Conclusion: Global differences exist when weight is evaluated in the same sample of infants up to 18 months of age depending on different population standards, as well as in the number of children who stay out of the limits of the normality with each of them (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Peso-Idade , Desenvolvimento Infantil/classificação , Antropometria/métodos , Padrões de Referência , Constituição Corporal , Distribuição por Sexo , Distribuição por Idade
2.
Nutr Hosp ; 25(5): 838-44, 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21336444

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Growth is a complex phenomenon that has in pediatric age special relevancy because it constitutes a fundamental indicator of nutritional status. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences about weight analysis of infants aged 0-18 months depending on the population reference used. METHODS: This is a longitudinal weight and length study in a representative sample of 383 infants from Aragon since birth until 18 months of age. A descriptive analysis was realized and "z-scores" were calculated from five growth curves. Finally there was calculated the percentage of children who were staying above or under 2DS for weight depending on the standard used. RESULTS: 50.1% were males and 49.9% women. Weight and length of the children were higher in girls than in boys in all the ages (p<0.01). Major differences between weight z-score averages from standards were at 6 months and later. The percentage of children on a weight<2 DS ranged between 0.5 and one 3.3% at 18 months of age depending on the standard. CONCLUSION: Global differences exist when weight is evaluated in the same sample of infants up to 18 months of age depending on different population standards, as well as in the number of children who stay out of the limits of the normality with each of them.


Assuntos
Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Estatura/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Valores de Referência , Espanha/epidemiologia
3.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 66(11): 564-568, dic. 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-59599

RESUMO

La lactancia materna (LM) es la mejor forma de alimentar al recién nacido y al lactante, ya que confiere una serie de beneficios tanto a corto como a largo plazo. Según recomienda la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la LM debe mantenerse durante los primeros 6 meses como alimento exclusivo, y a partir de este momento junto con la alimentación complementaria, mientras la madre y el niño deseen. Según los datos disponibles, el tiempo medio de mantenimiento de la LM en nuestro entorno no supera los 3-5 meses, el abandono precoz durante el primer mes de vida ocurre en un 30% de los casos y sólo en un 10-20% se mantiene a los 6 meses. Se revisan los factores de riesgo para la instauración y el mantenimiento de la LM, los momentos clave para la promoción de la LM desde las instituciones sanitarias y el tipo de medidas que son más efectivas. Asimismo, se presenta el Proyecto PALMA, que pretende evaluarla efectividad de un programa de intervención de apoyo multidisciplinario a la LM desde atención primaria en un grupo de lactantes frente a un grupo control (AU)


Breastfeeding is the best way to feed infants as the properties of breast milk confer many short and longer-term benefits. As recommended by the World Health Organization, exclusive breastfeeding should continue throughout the first 6 months of life and, after this time, be accompanied by complementary feeding for as long as the mother and infant want. Data from our general population show that the mean duration of breastfeeding does not exceed 3-5 months, early cessation during the first month occurs in 30% of cases and only 10%-20% of the mother infantdyads maintain it up to 6 months. We review the risk factors for the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding, the best moments to promote breastfeeding on the part of health institutions and the most effective actions. At the same time, we present the PALMA project, the purpose of which is to evaluate the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary intervention program to promote breastfeeding at the primary care level, comparing a group of infants with a control group (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Aleitamento Materno/epidemiologia , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Planos e Programas de Saúde/organização & administração , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde/tendências , Fatores de Risco , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Promoção da Saúde/tendências , Promoção da Saúde Alimentar e Nutricional/educação , Promoção da Saúde Alimentar e Nutricional/métodos , Promoção da Saúde Alimentar e Nutricional/organização & administração
7.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 9(supl.10): s49-s56, abr. 2007.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-132809

RESUMO

La patología respiratoria representa para el pediatra una gran carga de trabajo por su gran prevalencia. Rinitis alérgica, sinusitis, laringitis y bronquiolitis son enfermedades que deben abordarse bajo el prisma de las mejores evidencias que la investigación pone a nuestro alcance. La rinitis alérgica afecta al 10-25% de la población general y, aunque no es una enfermedad grave, tiene gran importancia por el impacto sobre la calidad de vida y el rendimiento escolar y su diagnóstico etiológico es necesario por sus implicaciones de tratamiento. El diagnóstico de la sinusitis bacteriana aguda (SBA) en pediatría es clínico y el uso de la radiología simple no está indicado. El empleo de antibiótico en la SBA depende del patrón de sensibilidad bacteriana local y los antihistamínicos no deben utilizarse por dificultar el drenaje de las secreciones. El diagnóstico de la laringitis es clínico y se debe diferenciar de la epiglotitis, de escasa incidencia actual gracias a la vacuna frente a haemophilus. En el tratamiento de la laringitis han mostrado su eficacia por vía nebulizada adrenalina y budesonida y por vía sistémica la dexametasona. El diagnóstico de la bronquiolitis se basa en la historia clínica y en la exploración; no se han validado escalas de gravedad para predecir el curso clínico. Los corticoides sistémicos no alteran el curso de la enfermedad ni disminuyen el número de ingresos. La adrenalina y los beta-agonistas no disminuyen los ingresos ni los días de estancia en el hospital, pero se pueden administrar si se responde tras un ensayo (AU)


The respiratory pathology represents for the paediatrician a heavy work because of its great prevalence. Allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, laryngitis and bronchiolitis are diseases that must be approached under the prism of the best evidences that the investigation puts to our reach. Allergic rhinitis affects to 10-25% of the general population and although it isn’t a serious disease, it has great importance because of the impact on the quality of life and the school performance. Its etiologic diagnosis is necessary due to its implications on treatment. The diagnosis of the acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS) in paediatrics is clinical and the use of simple radiology is not indicated. The antibiotic use in the ABS depends on the pattern of local bacterial sensitivity and the antihistaminic drugs should not be used, because they make difficult the drainage of secretions. The diagnosis of the laryngitis is clinical and it must be differentiated from the epiglottitis, of little present incidence due to the vaccine against haemophilus. In the treatment of the laryngitis, adrenalin and budesonide in nebulization and systemic dexamethasone have shown their effectiveness. The diagnosis of bronquiolitis is based on clinical history and exploration: severity scales have not been validated to predict the clinical course. Systemic corticoids neither alter the course of the disease nor diminish the number of admissions. The adrenaline and the beta-agonists do not diminish the admissions or the days of stay in the hospital, but they can be used if there is some improvement after an essay (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Doenças Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Rinite Alérgica Sazonal/epidemiologia , Bronquiolite/epidemiologia , Sinusite/epidemiologia , Laringite/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/uso terapêutico
8.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 7(supl.2): S29-S47, abr. 2005. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-69256

RESUMO

El diagnóstico de asma se basa en la presencia de síntomas debidos a la obstrucción del flujo aéreo, en la demostración de una obstrucción del flujo aéreo reversible, y en la exclusión de posibles diagnósticos alternativos. Se debe realizar una historia clínica exhaustiva, una exploración física centrada en el tracto respiratorio superior, pulmón y piel, unas pruebas defunción pulmonar (espirometría), si el niño es capaz de colaborar, para evidenciar la obstrucción reversible del flujo aéreo, una clasificación de la gravedad del asma, y otras pruebas adicionales para evaluar diagnósticos alternativos e identificar factores precipitantes.El asma suele debutar en la infancia y se suele asociar con la atopia. La historia familiar de atopia es el factor de riesgo más importante para el desarrollo de atopia en el niño. La existencia de asma o rinitis en la madre es el factor de riesgo más significativo de iniciode asma en la infancia y su persistencia hasta la edad adulta. La atopia en el propio niño (diagnosticada mediante prick test o IgE específica en suero) está relacionada con la gravedad del “asma actual” y su persistencia a lo largo de la infancia


To establish the diagnosis of asthma, the clinician must determine that episodic symptoms of airflow obstruction are present, airflow obstruction is at least partially reversible and alternative diagnoses are excluded. Recommended mechanisms to establish the diagnosis are detailed medical history, physical exam focusing on the upper respiratory tract, chest and skin, and spirometry to demonstrate reversibility. Additional studies may be considered to evaluate alternative diagnoses, identify precipitating factors and assess the severity of asthma. Asthma often begins in childhood, and when it does, it is frequently found in association with atopy. A family history of atopy is the most important clearly defined risk factor for atopy in children. A maternal history of asthma and/or rhinitis is a significant risk factor for late childhood onset asthma. Markers of allergic disease at presentation (skin prick tests and peripheral blood markers) are related to severity of current asthma and persistence through childhood (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Asma/diagnóstico , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Testes de Provocação Brônquica , Fatores de Risco , Espirometria
9.
An Esp Pediatr ; 57(1): 5-11, 2002 Jul.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12139886

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine bronchodilation in healthy children aged 7-14 years in order to establish the value defining a positive bronchodilation test. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study in healthy, nonsmoking schoolchildren aged 7-14 years in the city of Huesca (Spain). The sample (n 145) was representative of the pediatric population aged 7-14 years (N 4,272). Health was determined through a validated questionnaire. Expired carbon monoxide was measured with a Micro III Smokerlyzer EC50(R). Forced basal and post-bronchodilation spirometry (0.2 mg of inhaled salbutamol with a Babyhaler(R) chamber) was performed with a Vitalograph spirometer mod. 2120(R). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, forced expiratory flow at 24-25 % of forced vital capacity (FEF25-75 %) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured. To establish whether increments in the variables followed normal distribution, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (Lilliefors modification) and histograms were used. The relationship between increases in FEV1 and the variables in the questionnaire was analyzed using Student's t-test (qualitative variables) and Pearson's correlation (quantitative variables). To evaluate the reliability of the test, Spearman's non-parametric correlation coefficient and dispersion graphs were used. RESULTS: The percentage increase in FEV1 compared with the theoretical value was: mean (SD), 3.97 (2.65); 95 % percentile, 8.87 %; and 97.5 percentile, 10.25 %. The percentage increase in FEV1 compared with the previous value was: mean: 3.99 (2.63), 95-percentile: 8.43 %; and 97.5 percentile: 10.14 %. CONCLUSIONS: In children aged 7-14 years, increases of greater than 9 % above the theoretical or previous FEV1 value define the bronchodilation test as positive.


Assuntos
Albuterol , Broncodilatadores , Adolescente , Albuterol/administração & dosagem , Broncodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Fluxo Expiratório Forçado , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espirometria/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários
10.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 57(1): 5-11, jul. 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-12986

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar la broncodilatación que se produce en la población normal de 7 a 14 años de edad, para establecer el valor que define una prueba de broncodilatación como positiva. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio transversal en niños sanos, no fumadores, realizado en ámbito escolar en la ciudad de Huesca en una muestra representativa (n 145) de la población infantil de 7 a 14 años (N 4.272). Se identificó salud mediante encuesta validada. Se monitorizó el monóxido de carbono (CO) espirado con un Micro III Smokerlyzer EC50. La espirometría forzada basal y posbroncodilatación (salbutamol inhalado, 0,2 mg con cámara Babyhaler) se realizaron con un espirómetro Vitalograph mod. 2120. Se midieron las variables capacidad vital forzada (FVC), volumen espiratorio máximo en el primer segundo (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, flujo espiratorio máximo entre el 25-75% de la FVC (FEF25-75) y pico espiratorio máximo (PEF). Para establecer si los incrementos de los parámetros seguían o no una distribución normal, se utilizó el contraste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov (modificación Lilliefors) y los histogramas. La relación entre el incremento de FEV1 y las variables del cuestionario se establecieron con el test de la t de Student (variables cualitativas) y la prueba de correlación de Pearson (variables cuantitativas). Para evaluar la fiabilidad del test se empleó el coeficiente de correlación no paramétrico de Spearman y los gráficos de dispersión. Resultados: Incremento porcentual de FEV1 respecto al valor teórico: media (desviación estándar [DE]), 3,97 (2,65); percentil (P) P95, 8,87% y P97,5, 10,25%. Incremento porcentual de FEV1 respecto al valor previo: media, 3,99 (2,63): P95, 8,43%, y P97,5, 10,14%. Conclusiones: En niños de 7 a 14 años de edad, los incrementos porcentuales sobre el valor teórico o sobre el previo del FEV1 superiores al 9 por ciento definen la prueba de broncodilatación como positiva (AU)


Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Masculino , Lactente , Feminino , Humanos , Espanha , Espirometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Prevalência , Meningite Pneumocócica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Valores de Referência , Estudos Prospectivos , Broncodilatadores , Dióxido de Carbono , Estudos Transversais , Albuterol , Fluxo Expiratório Forçado
11.
An Esp Pediatr ; 55(3): 205-12, 2001 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11676894

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors for asthma, allergy and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children aged 6-8 years old from Huesca (Spain). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, using the prick test and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (free-running test, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec) in a random sample (n = 309) of children aged 6-8 years oldfrom an urban area (n = 1,051). To evaluate differences in the study variables between asthmatics and non-asthmatics, allergic and non-allergic children and BHR-positive and BHR-negative children, a bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test. Multiple regression analysis was used to study the association between asthma, allergy and BHR and the study variables. Beta-coefficients and their corresponding standard deviations were calculated according to the maximum verisimilitude method using the SPSS program. RESULTS: The theoretical sample included 305 children and informed consent was requested from 357 parents or guardians. The participation rate was 86.55 % (n = 309). The results of the multivariate analysis were as follows: (1) risk factors for asthma were a history of asthma in the immediate family (OR: 5.17; 95 % CI: 21.82-1.23), cutaneous sensitization to aeroallergens (OR: 8.49; 95 % CI: 30.52-2.37) and recurrent bronchitis during the first 2 years of life (OR: 4.68; 95 % CI: 17.76-1.24); (2) risk factors for allergy were symptoms of atopic dermatitis (OR: 10.87; 95 % CI: 38.63-3.06), a history of asthma in the immediate family (OR: 6.11; 95 % CI: 27.68-1.38) and male sex (OR: 4.53; 95 % CI: 19.55-1.05); (3) risk factors for BHR were recurrent bronchitis during the first 2 years of life (OR: 4.56; 95 % CI: 20.24-1.02), symptoms of atopic dermatitis (OR: 4.15; 95 % CI: 16.28-1.06) and cutaneous sensitization to aeroallergens (OR: 3.43; 95 % CI: 10.91-1.08). CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors for asthma, allergy and BHR have been determined in children aged 6-8 years old from Huesca.


Assuntos
Asma/epidemiologia , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/epidemiologia , Rinite/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco
12.
An Esp Pediatr ; 54(1): 18-26, 2001 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11181190

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the current prevalence of asthma, allergy and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children aged 6to 8years old from Huesca (Spain). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and dermatitis by questionnaire (ISAAC), skin test and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (exercise challenge, forced expiratory volume1) in all children aged 6 to 8 years old living in an urban area (n=1051) and in a representative sample from the same area (n=309). RESULTS: The questionnaire response rate was 88.01% (n=925). Current prevalence rates were 7.4% for wheezing, 10.5% for rhinitis and 8.5% for dermatitis. Participation rate in the skin test and bronchial hyperresponsiveness study was 86.55% (n=309): bronchial hyperresponsiveness was found in 5.3% and skin test was positive in 21.8% while sensitization against grass pollen was found in 45.5%, against olives in 34.8% and against house dust mite in 10.6%. Rhinitis and/or dermatitis symptoms and positive skin test were found in 7.92%. Asthma related symptoms and bronchial hyperresponsiveness were found in 5.5%. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports the current prevalence of asthma (5.5%), allergy (7.92%) and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (7.92) in children aged 6 to 8 years old from Huesca.


Assuntos
Asma/epidemiologia , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade/epidemiologia , Asma/diagnóstico , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/diagnóstico , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/diagnóstico , Masculino , Prevalência
13.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 54(1): 18-26, ene. 2001.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-1734

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia actual de asma, alergia y de hiperrespuesta bronquial en niños de 6 a 8años de Huesca. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal de prevalencia asma, rinitis y dermatitis por encuesta International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) a toda la población de 68años de un área urbana (n=1.051) y pricktest e hiperrespuesta bronquial (test de carrera libre, volumen espiratorio máximo en el primer minuto [FEV1]) en una muestra representativa de la misma (n=309). RESULTADOS: La tasa de participación en encuestas fue de 88,01% (n=925): prevalencia actual de síntomas relacionados con asma, 7,4%; rinitis, 10,5% y dermatitis, 8,5%. La participación en el estudio depricktest e hiperrespuesta bronquial fue del 86,55% (n=309): hiperrespuesta bronquial 5,3%; pricktest positivo 21,8% con sensibilizaciones a pólenes de gramíneas 45,5%, olivo 34,8% y ácaros 10,6%. Síntomas de rinitis y/o de dermatitis junto con pricktest positivo, 7,92%. Síntomas relacionados con asma junto con hiperrespuesta bronquial, 5,5%. CONCLUSIÓN: Se ha establecido en niños de 6 a 8 años de edad de la población de Huesca la prevalencia actual de asma (5,5 %), de alergia (7,92 %) y de hiperrespuesta bronquial (5,3%) (AU)


Assuntos
Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Prevalência , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica , Asma , Estudos Transversais , Hipersensibilidade
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